C2 servers
What is a C2 Server?
Command & Control (C2) servers are remote systems that allow attackers to manage and control compromised devices within a target network. Acting as the control center, a C2 server issues commands to infected machines (often referred to as "agents") and collects data from them.
Why Are C2 Servers Used?
C2 servers play a crucial role in many forms of cyber attacks, enabling an attacker to:
Execute Commands Remotely: Attackers can run commands on compromised systems, such as gathering files or monitoring activity.
Manage Multiple Infected Systems: A C2 server can control multiple agents across a network, streamlining attacks on larger targets.
Exfiltrate Data: Collected information, like keystrokes, files, and system details, can be sent back to the C2 server for further analysis.
Maintain Persistence: A C2 server allows continuous access to the infected systems, letting attackers re-enter a compromised network or device as needed.
How C2 Servers Work in Malware
When a device is infected, it typically reaches out to a C2 server to establish a link. This connection is often designed to look like normal network traffic to avoid detection. Once the connection is established, the C2 server can:
Send Instructions: For example, to execute commands, exfiltrate files, or start processes on the infected machine.
Receive Responses: The infected system sends back data, such as command outputs, screenshots, or key logs, depending on the malware’s design.
In legitimate cybersecurity research or educational setups like Crabbo, C2 servers can be used safely to study these behaviors in test environments. This controlled use helps cybersecurity professionals understand C2-based threats and develop effective defenses.
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